PROTOCOLS
Aflatoxin MOLD SOURCES
ASPERGILLUS FLAVUS, A. PARASITICUS
Aflatoxins as a class are acutely toxic. They primarily impact the liver, however the detoxification burden is also shared with the kidneys.
Gliotoxin MOLD SOURCES
ASPERGILLUS SPP., TRICHODERMA SPP.
Gliotoxin opens the doorway to fungal infection. It can be produced in vivo, contributing to the etiology of fungal infections, and is a virulence factor for the airborne pathogen Aspergillus fumigatus.
Mycophenolic Acid
PENICILLIUM SPP., ASPERGILLUS SPP., EUROTIUM REPENS
Mycophenolic acid (MPA) is a mold metabolite that’s excreted from mold as it’s digesting and metabolizing the substrate it’s growing upon.
Increased MPA is highly suggestive of current exposure to mold, because where there’s living mold, there’s MPA, but not necessarily mycotoxins.
Ochratoxin MOLD SOURCES
ASPERGILLUS OCHRASEUS, A. NIGER, PENICILLIUMVERRUCOSUM, P. NORDICUM, P. CHRYSOGENUM
Ochratoxin is a persister mycotoxin. It binds tightly to the blood protein albumin, acting like a mobile reserve, resulting in an extended time in the blood. The kidneys are the primary route of excretion, which sustain significant damage in the process.